Consumer Price Index
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Consumer Price Index (CPI) is the general measure of the change in the average retail prices of a market basket or collection of goods and services commonly purchased by the average Filipino household.
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The CPI of the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) in April 2019 was 117.7. This was higher by 3.0 index points from the 114.7 CPI of April 2018 using 2012 as base year.
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In general, the CPI increased reflecting the rise in the average prices of goods and services in all the six provinces of CAR.
Table 1. Consumer Price Index by Province, CAR:
April 2018 and 2019 (2012=100)
| Province | April | Index Point Change | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 2019 | ||
| CAR | 114.7 | 117.7 | 3.0 |
| Abra | 111.6 | 116.6 | 5.0 |
| Apayao | 114.7 | 121.6 | 6.9 |
| Benguet | 116.4 | 118.2 | 1.8 |
| Ifugao | 111.0 | 117.5 | 6.5 |
| Kalinga | 117.7 | 122.1 | 4.4 |
| Mt. Province | 111.1 | 113.0 | 1.9 |
- Among the CAR provinces, Kalinga posted the highest CPI for April 2019 at 122.1, followed by Apayao at 121.6, and Benguet at 118.2. Mountain Province posted the lowest CPI at 113.0.
- In terms of index point change, Apayao incurred the highest increase at 6.9 index points, followed by Ifugao and Abra with 6.5-point and 5.0-point increases, respectively.
CPI by Commodity Groups
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Among the commodity groups, Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco had the highest CPI in the region with 216.9. The province of Apayao incurred the highest CPI on this commodity with 334.4, followed by Abra, Kalinga, and Ifugao at 278.5, 244.7, and 209.5, respectively.
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Clothing and footwear registered the second highest CPI among the commodity groups in the region for April 2019 at 122.1 index points. Among the provinces, Ifugao had the highest index on clothing and footwear at 125.5, while Apayao had the least at 115.8.
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Education ranked third at 121.8 index points. Kalinga recorded the highest index on education at 179.1, followed by Benguet and Mountain Province at 121.6 and 120.5 index points, respectively.
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Communication continued to have the lowest CPI among the commodity groups in the region with 101.4 index points. The province of Apayao incurred the highest index on communication with 105.5 index points, while Mountain Province had the lowest with 100.1 index points.
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Among the CAR provinces, Kalinga incurred the highest CPI for all items with 122.1, while Mountain Province garnered the least index at 113.0 in April 2019.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index by Commodity Group and by Province, CAR:
April 2019 (2012=100)
| Commodity Group | Region/Province | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAR | Abra | Apayao | Benguet | Ifugao | Kalinga | Mt. Province | |
| All Items | 117.7 | 116.6 | 121.6 | 118.2 | 117.5 | 122.1 | 113.0 |
|
Food and Non - Alcoholic |
117.4 | 116.7 | 121.2 | 116.5 | 114.7 | 122.0 | 118.4 |
|
Alcoholic Beverages and |
216.9 | 278.5 | 334.4 | 195.8 | 209.5 | 244.7 | 173.9 |
| Clothing and Footwear | 122.1 | 122.6 | 115.8 | 122.2 | 125.5 | 124.1 |
118.5 |
|
Housing, Water, Electricity, |
116.9 | 112.0 | 119.1 | 122.5 | 126.6 | 111.9 | 111.2 |
| Furnishing, Household Equipment and Routine Maintainance of the House |
113.1 |
111.8 |
117.3 |
112.0 | 112.2 | 126.3 | 109.5 |
| Health | 120.3 | 109.5 | 109.0 | 125.8 | 126.3 | 125.0 | 102.3 |
| Transport | 106.9 | 109.7 | 105.9 | 106.4 | 106.6 | 104.4 | 108.6 |
| Communication | 101.4 | 103.8 | 105.5 | 100.4 | 101.0 | 103.1 | 100.1 |
| Recreation and Culture | 108.0 | 112.5 | 120.7 | 105.5 | 106.7 | 117.5 | 104.4 |
| Education | 121.8 | 100.8 | 60.9 |
121.6 |
100.0 | 179.1 | 120.5 |
| Restaurants and Miscellaneous Goods and Services |
116.4 | 113.8 | 123.9 | 115.3 | 114.2 | 126.3 | 112.9 |
- By index point change, Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco recorded the highest increase by 31.5 points. Increases were also incurred in Health (8.7 points), Recreation and Culture (4.7 points), and Clothing and Footwear (4.6 points). The rest of the commodity groups reported minimal annual increases.
Figure 1. Year-on-Year Consumer Price Index by Commodity Group, CAR:
April 2018 and 2019 (2012=100)
Inflation Rate
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Average increase in prices of goods and services in the region slowed down to 2.6 percent in April 2019 from 3.3 percent in April 2018.
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Apayap posted the highest inflation rate in April 2019 at 6.0 percent, followed by Ifugao at 5.9 percent, and Abra at 4.5 percent.
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Inflation surpassed the April 2018 rate for the provinces of Abra, Apayao, and Ifugao while other provinces had lower inflation rates in April 2019 relative to the same month last year.
Figure 2. Year-on-Year Inflation Rates by Province, CAR:
April 2018 and 2019 (2012=100)
By Commodity Group, Year- on-Year
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Year-on-year inflation rate of the heavily-weighted Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages index in the region went down from 1.4 in March 2019 to 1.3 in April 2019.
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Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco had the highest inflation in April 2019 among other commodities in the region with 17 percent, followed by Health with 7.8 percent.
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Education incurred a negative inflation rate of 1.3 percent.
Table 3. Inflation Rates by Commodity Groups, CAR:
March and April 2019 (2012=100)
| Commodity Group | Inflation Rates | |
|---|---|---|
| March | April | |
| All Items | 2.5 | 2.6 |
| Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages | 1.4 | 1.3 |
| Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco | 16.5 |
17 |
| Clothing and Footwear | 3.7 | 3.9 |
| Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels | 2.7 | 3.2 |
| Furnishing, Household Equipment & Routine Maintenance of the House | 1.7 | 1.5 |
| Health | 8.4 | 7.8 |
| Transport | 3.1 | 2.9 |
| Communication | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Recreation and Culture | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| Education | -1.3 | -1.3 |
| Restaurants and Miscellaneous Goods and Services | 3.3 | 3.3 |
By Food Items, Year-on-Year
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Only Fish recorded the highest price increase both in 2018 and 2019.
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On the other hand, prices of Rice went down to negative -5.2 percent in April 2019.
Table 4. Year-on-Year CPI and Inflation Rates of Selected Food Items, CAR:
March and April, Year 2018 and 2019 (2012=100)
| Food Items | 2018 | 2019 | Inflation Rates | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March | April | March | April | Previous | Current | |
| Bread and Cereals | 116.2 | 117.0 | 114.3 | 113.4 | -1.6 | -3.1 |
| Rice | 116. | 117.8 | 113.1 | 111.7 | -3.0 | -5.2 |
| Corn | 142.2 | 140.9 | 162.0 | 165.8 | 13.9 | 17.6 |
| Other Cereals* | 113.0 | 113.1 | 115.2 | 115.4 | 1.9 | 2.0 |
| Meat | 114.6 | 114.8 | 119.0 | 119.6 | 3.8 | 4.2 |
| Fish | 115.3 | 112.7 | 124.4 | 124.4 | 7.9 | 10.4 |
| Milk, Cheese and Eggs | 113.1 | 114.2 | 116.5 | 116.4 | 3.0 | 1.9 |
| Oils and Fats | 111.6 | 111.7 | 116.1 | 116.4 | 4.0 | 4.2 |
| Fruits | 134.0 | 135.0 | 134.4 | 135.6 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| Vegetables | 116.7 | 115.5 | 114.6 | 116.9 | -1.8 | 1.2 |
| Sugar, Jam, Honey, Chocolate & Confectionery | 107.4 | 107.9 | 111.5 | 112.3 | 4.1 | 3.8 |
| Food Products, N. E. C. | 108.6 | 108.5 | 109.4 | 110.5 | 0.7 | 1.8 |
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Purchasing Power of the Peso (PPP)
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The value of the peso in the region was 85 centavos in April 2019. It dropped by two centavos from 87 centavos in April 2018. This means that one peso in 2012 is worth 85 centavos in April 2019.
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In other words, a basket of goods that can be bought with 100 pesos in December 2012 is worth 117.4 pesos in April 2019.
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The PPP in all the provinces weakened in April 2019 compared to the same month of the previous year.
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Mountain Province had the highest peso value at 88 centavos. Meanwhile, Apayao and Kalinga both had the lowest peso value at 82 centavos.
Figure 3. Purchasing Power of the Peso by Province, CAR:
April 2018 and 2019 (2012=100)
Technical Notes
Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a general measure of the change in the average retail prices of a market basket or collection of goods and services commonly purchased by the average Filipino household.
Inflation Rate (IR) is the rate of change in the average price level between two periods (year-on year/month-on-month as measured by the CPI)
Purchasing Power of the Peso (PPP) measures how much the peso in the reference year is worth in another year
Base Year (BY) is the reference point of the index number series, at which the index number is set to 100. It is the reference point of the index number series.
The CPI is now rebased to 2012 base year from the current 2006 base year. The year 2012 was chosen as the next base year because it was the latest year when the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) results were made available. It is also the synchronized rebasing of the price indices to base year 2006 and every six years thereafter.
Market Basket (MB) is a sample of goods and services used to represent all goods and services produced or bought.
